Thursday 28 March 2013

Week 9: Conclusion of Module 2

As we come to end of Module 2, we would like to take some time to look back over the lessons that we have learned about Climate Disaster Risk Reduction in urban areas. In the same way that we had a discussion at the end of Module 1, we would like to invite you to start thinking about cases that have been shared, and discussions that have been had, that have given you inspiration to drive for change. It would be very interesting to see if any of you have thought about, or are making plans to collaborate with other members from the ELLA community, or whether any of you have started thinking about, or actually getting in contact with stakeholders in your cities in order to share lessons or come up with new initiatives to improve DRR. It would be fantastic to share these ideas, as this might inspire others!

In Module 2 we looked at disaster risk management strategies, early warning systems, and involvement and capacitation of local communities. In each of those discussions we could see that there is significant room for improvement in order to make urban communities more resilient to climate change, able to prevent extreme events turning into disasters, and respond quickly when events occur. It was very interesting to see that in many participants’ cities, disaster risk reduction measures consist of preparation for how to deal with the aftermath of extreme events rather than working to reduce risks and vulnerabilities so that extreme events do not turn into disasters.

Among others, the main barriers that were identified included:
- Lack of long-term planning, which leads to a focus on reactive rather than preventative measures
- Lack of political commitment, and a lack of coordination among actors
- Lack of inclusion of local communities
- Lack of funding, and as such, a lack of technology and local capacity
- Ineffective awareness raising and communication techniques

In the Latin American case studies that were shared and in the responses of participants from Africa and Asia we did see some means to overcome these barriers, and some cities or communities significantly reducing disaster risk. You will remember how the city of Bogotá in Colombia has integrated DRR into city level planning; the inexpensive technologies utilised in the Latin American early warning systems such as radio, internet and mobile phone messaging have proved to effectively raise awareness; the Guardianas de la Ladera and the NUDECs which we discussed last week showed effective methods of involving the local community and building local capacity to reduce disaster risk.

Attached is a summary of the three discussions that we have had related to DRR. This week we would like to invite you to:

- Share any additional good practices that you feel might be successfully adapted to other urban contexts
- Share how the cases that you have read about on ELLA have sparked your interest – this could be in the form of a thought, a conversation with a colleague, more detailed research into any of the cases, a plan to collaborate with a particular participant, or a plan of action, among others
- Share what ideas you have, if any, on how you might work to improve climate disaster risk reduction in cities in your region

Looking forward to a fruitful discussion!

All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team




Second National Learning Group Meeting in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dear participants,

The second National Learning Group meeting was held in Dhaka in the 9th of March, and we would like to share information with you about the discussion that was had and the future actions that were planned. We hope that these plans might inspire you to work with one another to formulate similar plans in your cities.

During this meeting, the participants focused on the issues of:

- Vulnerability and risk mapping
- Urban planning

The participants had a very fruitful discussion and decided to work together to re-assess the vulnerability of one coastal urban area and provide recommendations for the city plan. The participants also agreed that it would be valuable to involve more stakeholders in further discussion on Climate Resilient Cities, particularly involving the media in their efforts.

We would like to share a summary of that meeting with you, and invite you to share any comments, questions or suggestions. Many of the members of that National Learning Group meeting are also members of the online discussion space, so we would like to encourage you to use this space for dialogue.

The next meeting will be held on the 6th of April. 
All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team
 

Tuesday 26 March 2013

Week 8: Summary and Conclusion of Discussion on Community Involvement and Capacity Building for DRR


This week as Module 2 comes to an end will look back at the themes that we have covered and start to think about what potential actions we might put in place to improve climate disaster risk reduction in our cities.

 As always we would like to thank you for this week’s discussion, it was very interesting to hear about some specific initiatives that are taking place in your cities. It was great to see you interacting with one another and sharing experiences and ideas. That is exactly what the Learning Alliance is about, so it is fantastic to see you thinking about potentially adapting practices shared on the Alliance and implementing them in your own local contexts!

The topic of community involvement has been a recurrent theme throughout the Learning Alliance thus far, and this week’s discussion was an eye-opener as we saw few concrete climate DRR community actions in existence in cities across out nations. In general participants agreed that much could be done to improve community involvement, and that community involvement would ultimately improve urban DRM. Throughout the course of the discussion we did see participants sharing examples of community participation in projects in rural and urban areas, some specifically related to DRR, and others with a more broad environmental focus, a short summary which can be found below:

Bangladesh: participants shared that there are many community projects in rural areas. In urban areas there are programmes such as waste disposal and road cleaning. One great example came from the city of Chittagong, where Action Aid trained 450 volunteers to assist in community rescue in times of hazard.

Ghana: in the rural north of Ghana, Action Aid was involved in a project to build DRR awareness though schools. The Enchi project in the Aowin Suaman District, funded by the Africa Adaptation Programme, moved artisans from frequently flooded areas, to work in an area that was not affected by floods. We also heard of the existence of Community Action Plans and the National Centre for Civic Education, but did not hear of any specific projects or programmes which are capacitating communities to reduce disaster risk.

India: we heard of initiatives in the urban areas of Bihar, Bhubaneswar, Chennai and Coimbatore. In Bihar, UNICEF and ECHO have invested in DRR specifically to help 25,000 families deal with flooding; in Bhubaneswar the government and UNDP are working on emergency response training; in Chennai community programmes have now largely been dropped; in Coimbatore a DRR plan is being developed with the involvement of the community.

Nepal: participants from Nepal stated that community involvement in DRR projects is very common. One participant gave some specific details about such programmes mostly taking place in rural areas; the actions in urban areas are largely related to earthquakes; there is significant community involvement in a dyke management along the border with India. More information can be found in the attached PDF.

Nigeria: we heard of projects involving women in environmental projects such as road cleaning, we also heard of cleaning days being held on the last Saturday of each month.

Peru: the GRIDE Ancash experience brings together many stakeholders, including the community, in order to empower and capacitate them in DRR.

South Africa: the government project Working for Fire employs youths to work in fire prevention.

Trinidad & Tobago: the Community Emergency Response Team programme, funded by the government, trains volunteers to act as first responders in the case of disasters. Initial training is given, however after this training without the occurrence of a disaster, interest is likely to wane. There is also a bottom-up approach from the Red Cross called Community Disaster Response Training, which capacitates volunteers to become first responders. Both of these programmes coordinate with regional Disaster Management Units.

Uganda: like in Nigeria we saw the existence of a communal clean up day, on the last Saturday of each month. Plus we were heard about Plan Uganda which is DRR focused at children.

Vietnam: the People’s Committee on Implementation of DRR in Ho Chi Minh City was implemented between 2007 and 2012, focusing on training communities and increasing awareness of risks through the use of the radio and distribution of flyers. Please find attached more information on community action to address climate change in Vietnam.

Zambia: the Livingstone Green Initiative helps 100 women vegetable marketers to manage their solid waste.

Zimbabwe: we did not hear about specific community DRR programmes, but heard that various NGOs are working on issues such as water and sanitation.

Many participants felt that the Latin American examples of the Guardianas de la Ladera and the NUDECs could potentially be adapted to their local realities. Some felt that the best model was to involve the government and pay community members to take part in DRR, while others felt quite the opposite believing that membership should be voluntary and should be inclusive – arguing that hiring people makes these actions individualistic. Many participants agreed that a combination of the two approaches might have the most meaningful results.

Generally participants felt that the challenges of community engagement in urban climate DRR included:
1) The need to involve communities from the start, even in the identification of risks
2) The need for guidance and documentation of actions
3) There is no “one size fits all” therefore actions really must be local
4) Projects are often unsustainable, they are not invested in (time and money) and maintained
5) The need for a certain level of remuneration to encourage participation
6) The need for the government to be more actively involved
7) The constant need for funding

In order to make community capacitation programmes a reality, participants suggested that advocacy and awareness raising would be an important place to start.

We would like to invite you to comment upon this summary, or use this space to add any additional information that you did not have a chance to share during the course of the discussion.

All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team


This week's key materials

Saturday 23 March 2013

Week 8: Exercise

1. Do you know of any community-level DRR programmes in your cities? If so, do they follow a model which is more similar to that of Guardianas de la Ladera, in Colombia, or the NUDECs in Brazil? What do you think that the strengths and weakness are of such an approach?

I have not heard much about DRR programmes in Ho Chi Minh city in reality. Although searching for information of any community-level DRR programmes in the city, I found the city plan on community-based DRR (2012) and the report from People's Committee on implementation of DRR in Ho Chi Minh city for the period of 2007-2012. The approach mentioned in the plan is somehow more similar to that of the NUDECs in Brazil, with focus on training for core groups in the communities. According to this report, community-based DRR has been implemented in HCMC through trainings for local people at highly vulnerable sites, broadcasting on radio about DRR, distributing printouts on natural disaster preparedness, and risk mapping. However, it seems that the level of participation/involvement/interaction of communities in Ho Chi Minh city is not as high as in the NUDECs example from Brazil. Those trainings in Ho Chi Minh city are still kind of top-down approach.

While acknowledging that it takes time and motivated efforts, I like the NUDECs approach. As Daphne said, it goes beyond community-based DRR, toward community development, building community resilience, community empowerment, enhancing social capital and social connectedness which are very important and precious resources.

2. Do you think that either of the Latin American examples might successfully be adapted for implementation in your local reality? If so, why? And how might you go implementing such a programme?

Yes, I think the NUDECs example might successfully be adapted for implementation in Ho Chi Minh city. There has been already a model project at one community in district 4, ward 8 of Ho Chi Minh city with this community-based approach but for climate change adaptation in general, not just focus on DRR. I would like to share here the handbook for community action, which is also one results from this model project, showing how climate change adaptation can be done through community-based approach, through organizing community workshops involving, consulting local people.

I attached also here another document on Good Practice of Community-Based DRR in Nepal.

Week 8: Community Involvement and Capacity Building for DRR

This week we will be looking at the role of communities in DRR. As we have seen in the discussions so far, local communities have a very important role to play in terms of increasing urban resilience. From Latin America we have chosen two community capacitation programmes to share with you, which focus on reducing disaster risk. We would like to invite you to view the article on Local Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin American Urban Areas and the interviews related to programmes in the city of Manizales, Colombia, and urban areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These cases show how communities have been involved to reduce local disaster risk.

The discussion this week will focus on the role of communities in DRR. It will be very interesting to hear about different capacity building programmes that are taking place in our cities and how communities are confronting climate change challenges and reducing disaster risk.

As we have discussed already several times in the Learning Alliance so far, each city, or each neighbourhood, suffers from distinct risks and vulnerabilities. For that reason local solutions are arguably going to be the most effective. In order to devise and implement local solutions, it seems that the involvement of the community will be critical. It may be the case that city institutions actively seek the involvement of communities in a top-down approach, or it may be the case that the community (along with civil society) come together to put practical changes in place in a bottom-up manner because it is in their vested interest. We would like to invite you to read the article by Jojo Hardoy, entitled, Local Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin America.

In addition, this week we would like to share two specific cases with you from particularly vulnerable urban areas in Latin America. One is Manizales, Colombia, which is a mountain city characterised by steep slopes, that is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters (volcanos, earthquakes, floods, landslides). The other is the hilly region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, where a number of small cities, including Teresópolis and Nova Friburgo, are regularly affected by heavy rains. Both of these urban areas have specific community involvement and capacity building programmes to reduce disaster risk.

For the case of Manizales we are looking at a programme called Guardians of the Mountainside, and we have an interview with Ashley Coles. This project, known as Guardianas de la Ladera, has a strong top-down approach, whereby the local government employs predominantly single mothers to carry out local monitoring and maintenance of slopes and dissemination of information regarding DRR among the community. These women receive bi-weekly training on related techniques. More information on this case can be found in the Resource Library.

For the case of Teresópolis and Nova Friburgo, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, we will be looking at the creation and training of local community groups, known as NUDECs, led by the NGO CARE Brasil. For this we have an interview with Daphne Sorensen, who worked closely with communities and put together a NUDEC training manual. CARE’s approach was distinctly bottom-up, whereby community members voluntarily signed up and worked together to come up with local strategies pertinent to their specific needs. This training was carried out in three different communities, and adapted to the local realities and needs of the individual members. A short video about this training can be found in the Resource Library.

This week we would like to encourage you to enter into discussion with one another about the following questions:

1. Do you know of any community-level DRR programmes in your cities? If so, do they follow a model which is more similar to that of Guardianas de la Ladera, in Colombia, or the NUDECs in Brazil? What do you think that the strengths and weakness are of such an approach?
2. Do you think that either of the Latin American examples might successfully be adapted for implementation in your local reality? If so, why? And how might you go implementing such a programme?

As always, we would like to encourage you to both share your experiences and interact with one another.


Please log in to access this discussion's related materials and to add a contribution http://ella.practicalaction.org/learning-alliances-6

Best wishes,

Charlotte Heffer
Moderator
ELLA Learning Alliance on Climate Resilient Cities



Wednesday 20 March 2013

Week 7: Summary of Discussion on Early Warning Systems

Dear All,

Thank you to everybody that contributed to the discussion on Early Warning Systems (EWS): it was very interesting to see the practices that are working effectively in different regions, and to see which methods from the Latin America case studies might be adapted to your local contexts. For those of you that did not have a chance to take part, or any of you that would like to add any further analysis, please use this space to do so.

The majority of participants shared with us that they do not have fully effective EWSs in their cities. However, even in those cases, participants spoke of national meteorological departments monitoring weather, media houses disseminating information and local communities creating informal warnings. From the comments that participants shared, countries that fell into this category included: Ghana, India, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. As our participants reside in different cities in these countries, we did see that the city of Chennai (India) the city of Cape Town (South Africa) do have city level EWSs. Also there was mention of Harare (Zimbabwe) having a fragmented EWS.

Although this question was not posed, many participants spoke of National EWSs, it would seem that the following countries have national systems: Ghana, Jamaica, South Africa, Nepal, Saint Lucia and Zimbabwe.

Most participants were following the examples of the Latin American case studies and looking at sudden-onset climate related events such as cyclones, heavy rains, flooding, landslides etc. Although two participants spoke of EWSs for cholera; it seems that both Uganda and Zambia have effective EWSs for this. We did not share cases from Latin America on EWSs on illnesses, the incidence of which might potentially increase with climatic changes. There are however many EWSs for out breaks of dengue and other vector-borne illness in Latin America and we would be happy to do some more research into that for anyone that is interested.

The cities that we saw with valuable EWSs in place included Cape Town (South Africa), Chennai (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Montevideo (Uruguay). These cases shared several innovative approaches. In Cape Town we saw the use of CCTV, in Montevideo we saw the use of targeted text-messaging to community members in the most vulnerable areas, in Dhaka we saw the use of an Interactive Voice Response System – where subscribers can call and hear up-to-date warning messages. The posts from select participants that shared information on these systems can be found attached to this post, in case you missed them.

Most participants shared that the monitoring component of EWS in their cities/countries was carried out by the national meteorological department. Information was largely said to be disseminated by the media, namely television, radio and newspapers. In emergency situations this is complemented by sirens, loud speakers, and phones. The majority felt that communication and dissemination of information is severely lacking in their cities. In the case that national meteorological departments warn of coming extreme weather, does this really mean anything to an unprepared population? Especially for members of the population that do not have televisions, or where illiteracy rates are high. Are people genuinely looking out for these warnings? Plus, even if the warnings reach them, how will they know what to do, and where to go? Participants felt that the training offered by the Civil Defence in Rio de Janeiro would be very useful in their local circumstances.

Many participants mentioned that they felt that the use of radio, mobile phones and the Internet, as in the Latin American case studies, might be successfully adapted for early warnings in their communities. We saw there are barriers to the effectiveness of such media according to local circumstances. In countries such as Ghana, there is 100% saturation of the mobile phone market, thus the use of SMS might be very effective; but in other countries in many people remain unconnected. In Zimbabwe we heard that the radio is seen as a male possession that roams with men where they go, thus potentially leaving women and children no better warned of imminent disasters.

The major challenges that were listed, for improving local EWSs, included many of our usual suspects:
- Lack of government commitment
- Lack of funding
- Lack of coordination between actors
- Lack of modern monitoring technology
- Lack of local capacity
- High illiteracy and poverty among most affected

We did see this week, that it is not only formal warning systems with a heavy technology base that can have a significant impact on warning local communities of coming disasters. Community level responses are extremely valuable. The discussion for Week 8, which just started, is looking specifically at that: how communities can be capacitated and work together to reduce disaster risk.

Charlotte Heffer
Moderator
ELLA Learning Alliance on Climate Resilient Cities 

Attached file(s):


POSTSFROMWEEK7DIS23246.pdf

Sunday 17 March 2013

Week 7: Exercise

Take part in an interactive discussion with one another about:

1) Whether your city has Early Warning Systems in place to reduce climate related risks – be they formal or informal;
2) How the Early Warning System in your cities works in practice – according the four facets listed above;
3) Whether you think that any of the Latin American initiatives might be successfully adapted for implementation in your cities – specifying which in particular, along with the enabling factors or barriers .

Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) does not have formal EWS. However, the idea of establishing EWS for the city has been proposed.

[For your more information, Vietnam plans to install a Tsunami Early Warning System that will cover the coastal areas, more populated islands, and 13 cities and provinces nationwide (Ho Chi Minh city is not in the list), which are most at risk of being hit by a tsunami and high tidal waves. There will also be a tsunami information network run by the Global Physics Institute; Central Steering Committees; and local disaster management centres, set up by local authorities and residents. The Global Physics Institute will serve as an exclusive monitoring agency responsible for transmitting tsunami warnings, besides supervising and analysing tsunami threats in Vietnam. The Tsunami Early Warning System is expected to be complete by 2016].

Informally the city also has plans, activities for warning of climate induced events though they are still not very effective. In terms of Risk Knowledge, Department of Transportation conducted surveys and warning of landslide risk sites along rivers, canals. In terms of Monitoring and Warnings, Sub-Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environment in the city is in charge with their monitoring stations scattered around the city. In terms of Dissemination and Communication, daily weather forecast on televisions, radios play important role in warning people of storms, hurricane... In terms of Response Capability, rehearsals of risk response in communities, rescue training skills for staff, etc... involve many stakeholders from government agencies such as DONRE, DARD, Fire Service, Health Department, High Command to local communities, Youth Unions. Department of Construction also provided Construction Guideline for building to prevent tornado in high-risk communities in Can Gio district.

I like the ideas of using sms, email, social media and electronic EWS in the Latin America initiatives, which i think can be applied successfully too in Ho Chi Minh city. Actually, the People’s Committee of HCMC has recommended the expansion of the use of mobile phone messages for warning natural disasters nationwide.

Monday 11 March 2013

Week 7: Early Warning Systems for Climate Induced Events

This week we are looking at Early Warning Systems (EWS) for climate related extreme events. Please read the cases from Latin American cities, and engage with one another in discussion about the value of EWS and the strengths of successful systems that might be replicated in other cities.

This week we will be looking at Early Warning Systems (EWS) for climate related events.

Natural disasters and extreme events kill, dislocate and affect thousands of people and cause millions of dollars of damage each year. Extreme events caused by climate variability, that become human disasters as a result of ineffective climate change adaptation, need not have such sever human losses. The events in themselves would not be considered disasters if they occurred in uninhabited areas, thus the important question is getting people out of harm’s way in a timely manner. In many cases, coordinated action and investment only comes after a disaster; in 2010, Brazil spent 14 times more in disaster response and damage repair as a result of heavy rainfall, than on preventing such devastation.

EWSs provide a means to manage and reduce risk, by improving understanding and increasing a community’s ability to anticipate and then react to extreme events. According to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (ISDR) an effective early warning system should be made up of four facets:

• Risk Knowledge: the collection of data to identify vulnerabilities in order to minimise the negative social, economic and environmental effects of unavoidable events

• Monitoring and Warning: rigorous scientific monitoring of the parameters with a potential to trigger disasters, together with the ability to predict changes in a timely manner

• Dissemination and Communication: effective communication networks with the ‘right’ amount of information for the receivers to understand the implications of the warning

• Response Capability: well developed action plans involving the full range of stakeholders, from the government to the community

Often it is the occurrence of a disaster, or multiple disasters, that motivate national, regional and municipal governments and institutions to invest in EWSs. Sudden-onset extreme events cannot be avoided, but preparedness would reduce the human fatalities of such an event.

This week we would like to invite you to view the cases about the Latin American cities of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Santa Cruz (Bolivia), La Paz (Boliva), Medellín (Colombia), and San Juan (Colombia). These cases show how Latin American cities are addressing the four facets of effective EWSs. After viewing the cases we would like to encourage you to take part in an interactive discussion with one another about:

1) Whether your city has Early Warning Systems in place to reduce climate related risks – be they formal or informal;

2) How the Early Warning System in your cities works in practice – according the four facets listed above;

3) Whether you think that any of the Latin American initiatives might be successfully adapted for implementation in your cities – specifying which in particular, along with the enabling factors or barriers .

Week 6: Summary and Conclusion of Discussion on Urban Disaster Risk Reduction

Last week’s discussion on Disaster Risk Reduction showed us that in very few cities across our regions are there specific formal DRR strategies in place. In many cases, the strategies that are in place on paper are arguably achieving relatively little in practice. Another overwhelming response was that it is in emergency response that strategies and actions are effective, rather than prevention. As we saw in the introductory material, response is just one aspect of DRR, to actually reduce disaster risk would entail reducing vulnerability to extreme events, which would necessarily involve all stakeholders in a location specific manner. One of the main barriers or challenges identified was the lack of long-term planning, commitment and executive capacity of city officials. Many participants spoke about the need for DRR to be integrated with climate change adaptation (especially when talking about climate related disasters – as we are here). Participants from Ghana shared with us that they already have an Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation (2011 -2015).

Cities with formal DRR strategies:
Participants from South Africa, Stefan Raubenheimer and Riaz Jogiat, shared with us that their cities do have formal DRR strategies. Riaz Jogiat felt that in his city the strategy was ineffective, due to flawed risk identification among other reasons, which we will explore shortly. However, the city of Cape Town is said to have taken a ‘proactive and integrated approach’ to DRR, the link below gives more details of the strategy. Manas Dwivedi from India, shared with us that Shimla also has a formal DRR strategy. It was very interesting to see that participants from Ghana disagreed about the existence of formal city level DRR strategies, with answers ranging from a definitive no, to the fact that some aspects of DRR are being dealt with, to the idea that every city in Ghana has a formal DRR strategy. One reason for this may be that communication on this issue is not effective, or perhaps that plans exist on paper but that actions to genuinely reduce disaster risk are not particularly evident. It would be interesting to see some responses from our Ghanaian participants about the reality of DRR in cities.

Where city strategies are extensions of national strategies:
Participants from Bangladesh explained to us that national plans empower local city corporations, and a range of national acts and programmes, plus the specific Ministry for Disaster, coordinate disaster risk reduction actions. Ho Chi Minh City, Vitenam, has a city plan which is based on the national plan.

Countries with national strategies that should trickle down to cities, but as of yet do not do so effectively:
From the various responses from participants it seems that Ghana, India and Nigeria could well fit into this category. Responses showed that these countries have many national departments and acts, but few concrete city level disaster risk reduction achievements. Participants from these countries spoke of ad-hoc actions, namely response to disasters.

From the discussion we could see that most of our countries do have national DRR strategies (Uruguay Zambia, and Zimbabwe are currently working on theirs). It seems that there is a very strong relationship between the national strategy and any kind of action at the city level, especially where city-level strategies are lacking. As we have seen the challenges posed by climate change affect different localities in very specific ways, and as such to really reduce disaster risk (rather than responding to disasters as they occur) local plans and strategies are arguably a necessity. For that reason it was interesting to see that many participants felt that national government institutions were the main actors in city level DRR, and that local actors such as the community and NGOs have not been having more of an impact on local DRR .

The challenges to effectively reduce disaster risk in cities across our nations were very similar. Many participants converged on the view that the following were the main challenges:
- Lack of long-term planning
- Lack of coordination between actors
- Lack of inclusion of local populations in creation of DRR strategies
- Lack of local capacity
- Lack of governance
- Lack of awareness
- Lack of political commitment
- Lack of funding
- Climate change is seen as a rural issue
- Too strong of a focus on relief, rather than prevention
You will notice that these challenges are the same as those that we witnessed in the Module 1 discussions.

As always we would like to invite you to comment upon this summary, or use this space to add any additional information that you did not have a chance to share during the course of the discussion.

All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team

Sunday 10 March 2013

Week 6: Exercise

1) Does your city have a formal DRR strategy? What do you understand to be the relationship between this and a national DRR strategy?

Our national strategy on disaster risk prevention, combat and reduction up to the year 2020 has been approved in November 2007. Then, Ho Chi Minh city developed the agenda for implementation of this national strategy in December 2008. The implementation plan for Ho Chi Minh city has been issued in August 2010. So, the city DRR strategy is based on and as the implementation plan of the national strategy on disaster risk prevention, combat and reduction.

2) Which actors are most prevalent in DRR in your city?

Actors most prevalent in DRR in our city are:
- Police department
- Fire service
- High command of Ho Chi Minh city
- Department of health
- Department of natural resources and environment
- Department of transportation
- Department of construction
- Sub-department of quality management and aquatic resource protection (DARD)
as well as local agencies of all districts.

3) What are the main challenges that your city faces in terms of significantly reducing disaster risk?

Main challenges that our city faces in terms of reducing disaster risk are:
- Problems related to compensation for resettlement, relocation of underground works.
- The high tide/storm/tropical depression forecast is still not acurate.

References

Tuesday 5 March 2013

Week 6: Urban Disaster Risk Reduction

EXCHANGE AND LEARNING: Reducing climate related disaster risk

This week we begin Module 2, that will focus specifically on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), a topic that has been mentioned innumerous times in our discussions to date. As far as possible we would like to try and keep the focus on specific city-level plans and actions, and upon climate related disasters. This week however, in order to fully understand the forces that impact upon city level DRR, we will consider national policies and institutions where appropriate.

The existence or inexistence of national DRR strategies does have an effect on city level DRR, some feel that it is necessary to have a national strategy before developing city level strategies, while other cities develop comprehensive DRR strategies regardless of the existence of a national plan. Our Interview with Dr Alberto Maturana who chaired the Chilean National Emergency Office for 12 years, gives examples of the lack of emergency preparedness due to the fact that the government does not prioritise climate DRR. In this first week we will begin to examine the factors that enable, or impinge, cities to develop comprehensive DRR solutions. Looking at cities in your countries and whether city level climate disaster risk is being addressed due to the existence of institutions linked to the government, or civil society and community movements.

As we have already discussed in Module 1, climate risk and vulnerability are location specific and as such local DRR is an extremely important issue. In conjunction with, or in the absence of government mandated city level DRR strategies, in many cases we see very effective civil society movements significantly reducing disaster risk. The ELLA Brief Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Areas, attached below, highlights some Latin American examples of civil society and community movements effectively reducing disaster risk.

Often, hazard and risk reduction considerations arise in cities as the result of disastrous experiences. What is more, many times the focus of these efforts is on reconstruction and recovery, rather than risk reduction and management. However, the uncertainty of climate and disaster risk and the increasing vulnerability of urban areas in the global South, arguably leads to the need for cities to develop climate and disaster risk reduction initiatives which maintain a long term vision for improving local resilience. The article attached below; Practical Experiences for Risk Reduction in Bogota, D.C., highlights how city level planning, legal and political actions have been instrumental in the development and standardisation of disaster and risk reduction actions of the city of Bogotá, Colombia.

Thinking about the similarities and differences between your cities and the Latin American examples highlighted in this week’s reading, please focus discussions around the following issues:

1) Does your city have a formal DRR strategy? What do you understand to be the relationship between this and a national DRR strategy?
2) Which actors are most prevalent in DRR in your city?
3) What are the main challenges that your city faces in terms of significantly reducing disaster risk?

Both the author of the ELLA brief, Jojo Hardoy, and Dr Alberto Maturana will be available to answer any eventual questions that you may have.

Extra readings about Latin American cases for any of you that would like to learn more have been placed in the Resource Library.

Please log in to access this discussion's related materials and to add a contribution http://ella.practicalaction.org/learning-alliances-6
Best wishes,

Charlotte Heffer
Moderator
ELLA Learning Alliance on Climate Resilient Cities 




This week, as we begin Module 2, we will shift our focus to climate related Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in cities. We would like to invite you to read the case studies that have been provided from Latin America, and encourage you to engage with one another in a discussion about DRR in your cities. Drawing out good practices, similarities and differences from cities across our regions.



ELLA BRIEF

Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Areas

Urban expansion in marginal city areas increases the risk of fatalities and home devastation when extreme weather occurs. But many Latin American cities are successfully tackling disaster risk, driven by effective urban governance.

In the context of urbanisation, disaster risk increases from badly planned and managed urban development, degraded ecosystems and poverty. The disaster risk reduction (DRR) processes developed in several Latin American cities show the benefits of making risk reduction an integral part of local development. The importance of good information for risk assessment, government-civil society collaboration, and links between local, national and regional levels is also evident.  Latin America’s DRR experiences can offer a wealth of lessons for African and South Asian counterparts embarking on their own urban risk reduction processes.
Key Lessons:
  • Embedding disaster risk management within overall development efforts has yielded positive results
  • Competent city and municipal governments have been key players in DRR, and their effectiveness has been enhanced when they have collaborated with local communities and civil society
  • Support from higher levels of government proved crucial, as many DRR initiatives need coordinated action across government levels and sectors

Monday 4 March 2013

Study Tour to Brazil

We are delighted to announce that applications for the Climate Resilient Cities Study Tour are now open. Attached below you can find details on the purpose and content of the study, and the application form. The deadline for all applications is Monday the 18th of March. All applications should be sent to brazilstudytour@ella.practicalaction.org

As previously communicated, the tour will take place in Brazil between the 12th and the 20th of May. The tour offers an opportunity for 12 Learning Alliance members to meet in person and interact with each other and a range of Brazilian stakeholders that are addressing and being affected by climate change challenges in urban areas in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Before applying to take part, please review the Study Tour Advert which outlines which themes we will be focusing on during the visit.

Applications will be evaluated according to: 1) the quality of participant’s online participation to date, and 2) the participant’s relevant experience and extent to which they will be able to make use of the knowledge and experiences gained on the tour once they return to their own country. Therefore, we encourage applicants to take the time to submit a well thought-out application that gives focused answers to all of the questions.

The mandate of the ELLA programme is to share good practices from Latin America with practitioners and researchers from Africa and Asia, and as such only members working in cities in these regions are eligible to apply. Of course, during and after the study tour, lessons will be shared with all Learning Alliance participants.

Should you have any questions or comments we encourage you to use the announcement post on the Learning Space.

We look forward to receiving your applications.

All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team

Sunday 3 March 2013

First National Learning Group Meeting in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dear Participants,

As we explained in the introductory weeks, in addition to this online learning space, face-to-face meetings are being held in Dhaka, Bangladesh to discuss issues of urban climate resilience. These meeting are known as National Learning Group Meetings, and the first one was held on the 15th of February. We would very much like to share the outcome of that with you. Dr. Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, an expert in Bangladeshi climate change issues facilitated the meeting and is contactable via this site should you have any questions or suggestions. Attached below is a file summarising the content and outcome of the meeting.

Over the course of the Learning Alliance three topical meetings will be held, and during this launch participants decided upon the most important themes in their context. The following discussion topics were decided upon:

- City level climate change planning and governance & climate vulnerability and risk mapping
- Local adaptive capacity building & flood management
- Low carbon development strategies

The next meeting will be held on Saturday 9th of March.

If you would like to interact with this group, sharing any good practices from your regions or asking any questions to the participants. Please do use this space to do so.

All the best,
Charlotte and the ELLA Team